Class Constants

It is possible to define constants on a per-class basis remaining the same and unchangeable. The default visibility of class constants is public.

Зауваження:

Class constants can be redefined by a child class. As of PHP 8.1.0, class constants cannot be redefined by a child class if it is defined as final.

It's also possible for interfaces to have constants. Look at the interface documentation for examples.

It's possible to reference the class using a variable. The variable's value can not be a keyword (e.g. self, parent and static).

Note that class constants are allocated once per class, and not for each class instance.

Приклад #1 Defining and using a constant

<?php
class MyClass
{
const
CONSTANT = 'constant value';

function
showConstant() {
echo
self::CONSTANT . "\n";
}
}

echo
MyClass::CONSTANT . "\n";

$classname = "MyClass";
echo
$classname::CONSTANT . "\n";

$class = new MyClass();
$class->showConstant();

echo
$class::CONSTANT."\n";
?>

The special ::class constant allows for fully qualified class name resolution at compile time, this is useful for namespaced classes:

Приклад #2 Namespaced ::class example

<?php
namespace foo {
class
bar {
}

echo
bar::class; // foo\bar
}
?>

Приклад #3 Class constant expression example

<?php
const ONE = 1;
class
foo {
const
TWO = ONE * 2;
const
THREE = ONE + self::TWO;
const
SENTENCE = 'The value of THREE is '.self::THREE;
}
?>

Приклад #4 Class constant visibility modifiers, as of PHP 7.1.0

<?php
class Foo {
public const
BAR = 'bar';
private const
BAZ = 'baz';
}
echo
Foo::BAR, PHP_EOL;
echo
Foo::BAZ, PHP_EOL;
?>

В PHP 7.1 поданий вище приклад виведе:

bar

Fatal error: Uncaught Error: Cannot access private const Foo::BAZ in …

Зауваження:

As of PHP 7.1.0 visibility modifiers are allowed for class constants.

Приклад #5 Class constant visibility variance check, as of PHP 8.3.0

<?php

interface MyInterface
{
public const
VALUE = 42;
}

class
MyClass implements MyInterface
{
protected const
VALUE = 42;
}
?>

В PHP 8.3 поданий вище приклад виведе:

Fatal error: Access level to MyClass::VALUE must be public (as in interface MyInterface) …

Зауваження: As of PHP 8.3.0 visibility variance is checked more strictly. Prior to this version, the visibility of a class constant could be different from the visibility of the constant in the implemented interface.

Приклад #6 Fetch class constant syntax, as of PHP 8.3.0

<?php
class Foo {
public const
BAR = 'bar';
private const
BAZ = 'baz';
}

$name = 'BAR';
echo
Foo::{$name}, PHP_EOL; // bar
?>

Зауваження:

As of PHP 8.3.0, class constants can be fetched dynamically using a variable.