Copyright © 2002, 2003 the VideoLAN project
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation ; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. The text of the license can be found in the appendix GNU Free Documentation License.
Abstract
This document describes how to start using VideoLAN quickly.
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 2. VLC, the universal media player
- 3. Stream and receive with VLC
- 4. Video On Demand
- 5. Add a channel information service
- 6. Conclusion
- A. GNU Free Documentation License
- 1. PREAMBLE
- 2. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
- 3. VERBATIM COPYING
- 4. COPYING IN QUANTITY
- 5. MODIFICATIONS
- 6. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
- 7. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
- 8. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
- 9. TRANSLATION
- 10. TERMINATION
- 11. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
- 12. ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
List of Figures
- 1.1. Global VideoLAN solution
- 1.2. Windows terminal
- 1.3. Linux X terminal
- 1.4. Mac OS X terminal
- 1.5. BeOS terminal
Table of Contents
VideoLAN is a complete software solution for video streaming, developed by students of the Ecole Centrale Paris and developers from all over the world, under the GNU General Public License (GPL). VideoLAN is designed to stream MPEG videos on high bandwidth networks.
The VideoLAN solution includes :
VLS (VideoLAN Server), which can stream MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 files, DVDs, digital satellite channels, digital terrestial television channels and live videos on the network in unicast or multicast,
VLC (initially VideoLAN Client), which can be used as a server to stream MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 files, DVDs and live videos on the network in unicast or multicast ; or used as a client to receive, decode and display MPEG streams under multiple operating systems.
Here is an illustration of the complete VideoLAN solution :
More details about the project can be found on the VideoLAN Web site.
VLC works on many platforms : Linux, Windows, Mac OS X, BeOS, *BSD, Solaris, Familiar Linux, Yopy/Linupy and QNX. It can read :
MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 / DivX files from a hard disk, a CD-ROM drive, ...
DVDs and VCDs,
from a satellite card (DVB-S),
MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 streams from the network sent by VLS or VLC's stream output.
VLC can also be used as a server to stream :
MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 / DivX files,
DVDs,
from an MPEG encoding card,
to :
one machine (i.e. to one IP address) : this is called unicast,
a dynamic group of machines that the clients can join or leave (i.e. to a multicast IP address) : this is called multicast,
in IPv4 or IPv6 .
To get the complete list of VLC's possibilities on each plateform supported, see the VLC features page.
Note
VLC doesn't work on Mac OS 9, and will probably never do.
VLS can stream :
an MPEG-1, MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 files stored on a hard drive or on a CD,
a DVD located in a local DVD drive or copied on a hard disk,
a satellite card (DVB-S) or a digital terrestial television card (DVB-T) ,
an MPEG encoding card ;
to:
one machine (i.e. to one IP address) : this is called unicast,
a dynamic group of machines that the clients can join or leave (i.e. to a multicast IP address) : this is called multicast,
in IPv4 or IPv6 .
A Pentium 100 MHz with 32 MB of memory should be enough to send one stream on the network. When streaming a lot of videos stored on a hard drive, the actual limitation is not the processor but the hard drive and the network connection.
VLS works under Linux and Windows. To get the complete list of VLS's possibilities on each plateform supported, see the streaming features page.
You can add a channel information service based on the SAP/SDP standard to the VideoLAN solution. The mini-SAP-server sends announces about the multicast programs on the network in IPv4 or IPv6, and VLCs receive these annouces and automatically add the programs announced to their playlist.
The mini-SAP-server works under Linux and Mac OS X.
To fully understand the VideoLAN solution, you must understand the difference between a codec and a container format
A codec is a compression algorithm, used to reduce the size of a stream. There are audio codecs and video codecs. MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, Vorbis, DivX, ... are codecs
A container format contains one or several streams already encoded by codecs. Very often, there is an audio stream and a video one. AVI, Ogg, MOV, ASF, ... are container formats. The streams contained can be encoded using different codecs. In a perfect world, you could put any codec in any container format. Unfortunately, there are some incompatibilities. You can find a matrix of possible codecs and container formats on the features page
To decode a stream, VLC first demuxes it. This means that it reads the container format and separates audio, video, and subtitles, if any. Then, each of these are passed decoders that do the mathematical processing to decompress the streams .
There is a particular thing about MPEG:
MPEG is a codec. There are several versions of it, called MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, ...
MPEG is also a container format, sometimes refered to as MPEG System. There are several types of MPEG: ES, PS, and TS
When you play an MPEG video from a DVD, for instance, the MPEG stream is actually composed of several streams (called Elementary Streams, ES): there is one stream for video, one for audio, another for subtitles, and so on. These different streams are mixed together into a single Program Stream (PS). So, the .VOB files you can find in a DVD are actually MPEG-PS files. But this PS format is not adapted for streaming video through a network or by satellite, for instance. So, another format called Transport Stream (TS) was designed for streaming MPEG videos through such channels.
The user documentation of VideoLAN is made up of 4 documents :
the VideoLAN Quickstart. This document will give you a quick overview of VLC, VLC's stream output, the Video On Demand solution and the channel information service system.
the VideoLAN HOWTO. This document is the complete guide of the VideoLAN streaming solution.
the VLC user guide. This document is the complete guide for VLC.
the VLS user guide. This document is the complete guide for VLS.
the VideoLAN FAQ. This document contains Frequently Asked Questions about VideoLAN.
The latest version of these documents can be found on the documentation page .
You can also have a look at the VideoLAN Wiki. This is a website that everyone can change. We use it to document everything that is not in the "official" documentation: the tips and tricks for each O.S., the graphical interfaces, etc...
If you have problems using VideoLAN, and if you don't find the answer to your problems in the documentation, please look at the online archive of the mailing-lists. There are two English-speaking mailing-lists for the users :
vlc@videolan.org for the questions on VLC ,
streaming@videolan.org for the questions on VLS, mini-SAP-server and the network .
If you want to subscribe or unsubscribe to the mailing-lists, please go to the mailing-list page.
You can also talk with VideoLAN users and developers on IRC : server irc.freenode.net, channel #videolan .
If you find a bug, please follow the instructions on the bug reporting page .
VLC has many different graphical interfaces, that are organized quite differently in order to be in harmony with the guidelines of each operating system supported. Documenting the use of each graphical interface is too long, and some features are only available via the command line interface. Therefore we decided to document only the command line interface, but in many cases it shoud be easy to guess how to use the graphical interface for the same use !
VLS has a command line and a telnet interface, but no graphical interface !
All the commands that show up in this document should be typed inside a terminal. .
Click on Start, Run and type :
cmd Enter (Windows 2000 / XP),
command Enter (Windows 95 / 98 / ME).
The terminal appears Le terminal apparait
Note
Under Windows, you need to be in the directory where the program is installed to run it.
Open a terminal :
In the documentation, we adopt the following conventions for the Unix commands :
commands that should be typed as root have a # prompt :
#command_to_be_typed_as_rootcommands that should be typed as a regular user have a % prompt :
%command_to_be_typed_as_regular_user
Go to Applications, open the folder Utilities and double-click on Terminal :
Note
Under Mac OS X, you need to be in the directory where the program is installed to run it, and start the command with ./ .
Table of Contents
There are VLC binaries available for the many OSes, but not for all supported OSes. If there are no binaries for your OS or if you want to change the default settings, you can compile VLC from sources.
VLC works under Windows 95/98/ME/2000/XP.
Download the self-extracting file from the VLC Windows
download page. Launch the .exe to install
VLC.
Download the Zip file from the VLC BeOS download page. Unzip the file in a directory to install VLC.
Download the Mac OS X package from the VLC
MacOS X download page . Double-click on the icon of the
package : an icon will appear on your Desktop, right beside your
drive(s). Open it and drag the VLC application from the resulting
window to the place where you want to install it (it should be
/Applications).
Add the following lines to your
/etc/apt/sources.list:
deb http://www.videolan.org/pub/videolan/debian $(ARCH)/ deb-src http://www.videolan.org/pub/videolan/debian sources/
Then, for a normal install, do:
#apt-get update#apt-get install gnome-vlc libdvdcss2
Add the following lines to your
/etc/apt/sources.list:
deb http://www.videolan.org/pub/videolan/debian $(ARCH)/ deb-src http://www.videolan.org/pub/videolan/debian sources/
Then, for a normal install, do:
#apt-get update#apt-get install wxvlc libdvdcss2
You should not be using Debian testing unless you perfectly know what you are doing. It is almost impossible to support Debian testing and there are no plans to do it. For more informations on Debian testing, please look: testing page
There are VLC packages for Mandrake 9.1 and cooker.
To install them, add the following sources for either Mandrake 9.1 or Cooker (you can use Easy urpmi for that): contrib from the core distribution and plf (Penguin Liberation Front) from the external add-ons.
Then install the required packages with urpmi:
#urpmi libdvdcss2 libdvdplay0 wxvlc vlc-plugin-a52 vlc-plugin-ogg vlc-plugin-mad
Download the RPM package vlc and the packages listed in the required libraries and codecs section (the other packages are just optional) from the VLC Red Hat download page and put them all into the same directory.
Then install the RPM packages you have downloaded:
#rpm -U *.rpm
If you have not installed all the RPM packages included with your distribution, you may be asked to install a few of them first.
The method below is for any Unix system supported by VLC, for which there is no packages available. It explains how to compile and install VLC and the needed libraries from their source code.
You can also compile VLC under Linux this way if you want to modify the default supported modules.
Many libraries are needed :
libdvbpsi (compulsory) ,
mpeg2dec (compulsory) ,
libdvdcss if you want to be able to read encrypted DVDs ,
libdvdplay if you want to have DVD menu navigation ,
a52dec if you want to be able to decode the AC3 (i.e. A52) sound format often used in DVDs ,
ffmpeg, libmad, faad2 if you want to read MPEG 4 / DivX files ,
libogg & libvorbis if you want to read Ogg Vorbis files .
Download the libraries from the VLC sources download page.
For each library :
uncompress :
%tar xvzf library.tar.gzor
%tar xvjf library.tar.bz2configure :
%cd library%./configurecompile and install :
%make#make install
Check that the configuration file /etc/ld.so.conf
contains the following line :
/usr/local/lib
If the line is not present, add-it and then run (as root):
#ldconfig
Download the sources of the lastest release : get the
file vlc-version.tar.gz from the VLC sources
download page. Uncompress-it :
%tar xvzf vlc-version.tar.gz%cd vlc-version
To get the list of configuration options, do :
%./configure --help
Please note that all the modules are described in the Modules section of the VLC User Guide .
Examples of very simple configurations:
if you want a basic VLC, do :
%./configureif you want the Gnome interface instead of the GTK interface (you will need the developement packages of Gnome) :
%./configure --enable-gnome
Then, compile and install :
%make%suPassword:[Root Password]#make install
Please note that the installation (make install command) is not mandatory. You can execute VLC from where you compiled it.
%vlc -vvv dvd:/dev/dvd
where /dev/dvd is the
name of your drive (put D: under Windows if
D is the letter of your DVD drive).
Note
If you are running Linux, you must have write access to the device corresponding to your DVD drive. For that, you should be in the disk or cdrom group (look at the permissions in /dev). If you're not, add yourself to the group :
#adduser your_login disk_or_cdrom
and then restart your session.
If VLC doesn't work for you, try to spot an error message in the logs that are printed in the terminal.
Then, read the vlc FAQ and have a look at the Bugzilla to see if it is a known issue.
If you can't find out the problem, explain it in English in the mailing-list vlc@videolan.org and copy-paste in your mail the messages of the message window.
Table of Contents
%vlc -vvv video1.xyz --sout udp:client.example.org
where video1.xyz is the file you want
to stream and client.example.org is the DNS
name of the client you want to stream to (you can put an IP address
instead).
%vlc -vvv dvdold:/dev/dvd --sout udp:client.example.org
where /dev/dvd is the name of your DVD drive
(put D: under Windows if D is
the letter of your DVD drive) or the directory where you copied your
DVD, and client.example.org is the DNS name of the
client you want to stream to (you can put an IP address instead).
Note
Under Unix/Linux, you must have write access to the device
corresponding to your DVD drive. For that, you should be in the
disk or cdrom group (look
at the permissions in /dev). If you're not, add
yourself to the group :
#adduser your_login disk_or_cdrom
and then restart your session.
Multicast is a norm implemented in all modern network hardware (switches, routers, ...). It provides an intelligent manner to send a stream to a dynamic group of machines. If you want to use multicast, make sure that all your network hardware support it.
In multicast streaming, the stream is sent to a multicast IP address (the IP addresses reserved for this purpose are from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255). Then, any machine on the network can join the multicast group by sending a request on the network, and it will automatically receive the stream. When it sends a request to leave the group, it will automatically stop receiving the stream. The advantage of multicast streaming is that only the machines that want to receive the stream actually receive it, and the streaming server only sends one stream even if there are multiple clients receiving it.
%vlc -vvv video1.xyz --sout udp:239.255.12.42 --ttl 12
where video1.xyz is the file you
want to stream (remplace it with dvdold:/dev/dvd
under Unix or dvdold:D: under Windows if you want
to multicast a DVD), 239.255.12.42 is the multicast
IP address you want to stream on and 12 is the
value of the TTL (Time To Live) of your IP packets (which means that the
multicast stream will be able to cross 12 routers).
Table of Contents
With Video On Demand (VOD), the user can start the video when he wants, make pauses, go forward and back in the video. It is of course the best in video streaming and the dream for every user.
VOD is a very big consumer of resources for the server and the network. VOD is unicast, not multicast : this means that the network and server resources needed are directly proportional to the number of clients.
The design of VideoLAN's VOD solution is very simple. The idea is to do HTTP streaming, i.e. stream an MPEG video encapsulated in HTTP. The regulation of the bitrate between the client and the server is done automatically by TCP. With HTTP version 1.1, there is the possibility to seek in a file downloaded, that's what we use to seek in the video.
On the VOD server, you need a running Web server. For example, you can use a Linux server running Apache. Other operating systems and other Web servers should work too, but we have never tested.
Make your MPEG-1, MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 / DivX files available to the clients on the Web server.
For example, we have a Web server whose DNS name
is localserver. On this server,
we put an MPEG file video1.mpg
which will be available to the clients at the URL
http://localserver/video1.mpg.
Typing multicast addresses is not very fun... that's why you need a channel information service ! VideoLAN has implemented a channel information service based on the SAP/SDP standard. VLC's stream output can send SAP announces when streaming (on the multicast address 224.2.127.254 reserved for this purpose). On the client side, VLCs receive these annouces and automatically add the programs announced to their playlist.
To send announces with VLC, you need to use the complex syntax of VLC's stream output, like this:
%vlc -vvv video1.xyz --sout '#standard{access=udp,url=239.255.12.42,sap="Test Stream"}' --ttl 12
where video1.xyz is the file you want
to stream, 239.255.12.42 is the multicast IP
address you want to stream on, Test Stream is
the name that will be used for this program in the SAP announces and
12 is the value of the TTL (Time To Live) of the
stream and of the SAP announces.
VideoLAN can do much more than what is explained in this Quickstart. For example, you can use VLC to display image walls or to transcode a stream on-the-fly. You can also use VLS to stream digital satellite channels and digital terrestial TV channels. To know about the full possibilities of VideoLAN, please read the rest of the official documentation, that you can find on the documentation page.
Table of Contents
- 1. PREAMBLE
- 2. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
- 3. VERBATIM COPYING
- 4. COPYING IN QUANTITY
- 5. MODIFICATIONS
- 6. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
- 7. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
- 8. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
- 9. TRANSLATION
- 10. TERMINATION
- 11. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
- 12. ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
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To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page:
Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
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If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation.
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.